What does Article 678 establish about liability during delays?

Article 678 establishes that there is liability for both freight and delays in maritime commerce. The rationale behind this is to ensure that all parties involved in a shipping contract are held accountable for their obligations during the transport of goods. The establishment of liability in cases of delay reflects the importance of timely delivery in maritime shipping, as delays can lead to significant financial losses and complications for parties involved.

Freight is a fundamental aspect of a shipping contract, representing the payment for the transport of goods. When delays occur, they not only affect the delivery schedule but can also impact the agreed-upon freight terms. Thus, the article's provision for liability in both freight and delays maintains the integrity of shipping contracts and encourages adherence to timelines, which is crucial in international trade.

In understanding why other options do not apply: the notion of having no freight liability would undermine the contractual obligations of the carrier, leading to potential losses for the shipper. Considering only delays without evaluating freight suggests a lack of comprehensive accountability, which is not in line with the principles of maritime commerce. Lastly, the idea that cargo is not liable at all fails to recognize the responsibilities inherently associated with transporting goods, including the potential for delays.