What are the consequences if a ship cannot navigate due to circumstances not caused by the captain?

In maritime commerce, when a ship cannot navigate due to circumstances beyond the captain's control—often referred to as "force majeure" events—specific regulations and contractual terms determine how responsibilities and costs are allocated.

The correct outcome is that the cost of unloading falls on the charterer. This stems from the principle that the charterer is expected to take delivery of the cargo and, pursuant to the terms of the charter party, bear certain associated costs. Unloading costs are typically the responsibility of the charterer since they are directly linked to the obligations outlined in the charter agreement. If the ship is unable to navigate but not due to fault or negligence on the part of the captain, the charterer still holds a degree of responsibility for ensuring that unloading occurs, as they are the party benefiting from the cargo being transported.

This understanding is rooted in maritime commercial practices where risks and responsibilities may be allocated differently based on contract terms, but generally, operational costs that arise from delays do not automatically devolve upon the shipowner.

Other answers suggest liability or complete cancellation, which does not align with established practices in situations where navigation is impeded through unforeseen and uncontrollable circumstances. The shipowner is not left bearing all costs solely due to navigational issues, and accountability