If the freight received is insufficient to cover three-fifths of the ship's capacity, what must the charterer do?

In the context of maritime commerce and charter agreements, when the freight received does not cover three-fifths of the ship's capacity, the charterer is placed in a position where operational efficiency and economic viability are paramount. Therefore, the appropriate response is to use another suitable ship and cover transfer costs.

This option reflects the need for the charterer to act decisively to minimize losses associated with underutilized shipping capacity. By securing another vessel, the charterer demonstrates an understanding of the importance of maintaining optimal shipping loads, ensuring that the cargo can be moved without significant delays. This approach can help the charterer meet their obligations to deliver cargo in a timely manner and prevents the situation from becoming a chronic inefficiency within their operations.

The other responses are less suitable as they either do not address the issue of underutilization effectively or compromise the overall commitment to timely and efficient transportation of goods. For instance, a partial shipment does not alleviate the financial burden and might still leave the charterer at a disadvantage. Waiting for the cargo to fill completely can lead to delays and additional costs, whereas renegotiating freight rates could complicate existing agreements without ensuring that the cargo is effectively transported in a timely manner. Therefore, using another suitable ship stands out as